HISTORY OF HOMOLOGY

jomaar_admin Admin; E Asante; D Karikari; D Tawiah; L Asare; E Gyesi; A Eduku; D K Asare; A A Kudewura

jomaar_admin Admin
E Asante Mathematics Department, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology
D Karikari Mathematics Department, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology
D Tawiah Mathematics Department, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology
L Asare Mathematics Department, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology
E Gyesi Mathematics Department, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology
A Eduku Mathematics Department, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology
D K Asare Mathematics Department, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology
A A Kudewura Mathematics Department, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology

Keywords: Homology, Mathematics, Congruent, Polyhedra

Abstract

Homology theory can be said to start with the Euler polyhedron formula, or Euler characteristic. Homology itself was developed as a away to analyse and classify manifolds according to their cycle. The term homology was first used in boilogy by the anotomist Rich Owen in 1843 when studyig the similarities of vertebrate, fins and limbs defining it as the same organ in different animals under every variety of form and function.

References

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[2] Hilton, P., 1988. A brief, subjective history of homology and homotopy theory in this century. Mathematics magazine, 61(5), pp.282-291.
[3] Wikipedia contributors. (2021, May 11). Homology (mathematics). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 14 : 43, June 8, 2021,from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Homology (mathematics)& oldid=1022638382
[4] Wikipedia contributors. (2021, May 13). Homology (biology). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 14:40, June 8, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Homology (biology) & oldid=1022997737,
[5] Wikipedia contributors. (2021, February 15). Homological algebra. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia.Retrieved14:45,June8,2021,from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Homological algebra & oldid=1006900531
[6] Robert Osserman, Special Projects Director, Mathematical Sciences Research Institute, Berkeley, California. http//www. britannica.com/science/homology-mathematics.
[7] Spemann, H., 1915. DES BEGRIFFS DER HOMOLOGIE. Allgemeine biologie, 4, p.63.
[8] Wagner, G.P., 1996. Homologues, natural kinds and the evolution of modularity. American Zoologist, 36(1), pp.36-43.